Ōsweald Bera
$35
Learn Old English by reading.
This is a list of approximately 700 of the most common or useful Old English words, given in normalized Early West Saxon forms. The goal of this list is to provide you with a relatively small core vocabulary to study so that you can move on to reading texts quickly. I recommend you use a spaced repetition system such as Anki to familiarize yourself with these words as quickly as possible. You do not need to be able to go from Present-Day English to Old English (at first, anyway) – just concentrate on being able to recognize the meanings of the Old English words. When you get to original texts, you will find them much less painful to read if you know these 500 words already. You'll cut your trips to the dictionary in half!
My eventual goal is to use this list to produce more graded reader-style Old English material which assumes you know this core vocabulary.
Abbreviations
Some abbreviations worth knowing:
- PoS: Part of Speech
- Decl/Conj: Declension class (for nouns) / Conjugation class (for verbs)
- 1: 1st declension nouns, i.e. masculine a-stem nouns, e.g. stān.
- 2: 2nd declension nouns, i.e. neuter a-stem nouns, e.g. sċip.
- 3: 3rd declension nouns, i.e. feminine ō-stem nouns, e.g. ġiefu.
- 4: 4th declension nouns, i.e. weak nouns, e.g. nama.
- 5: 5th declension nouns, i.e. u-stem nouns, e.g. sunu.
- 6: 6th declension nouns, i.e. consonant-stem nouns, e.g. mann.
- w1, 2, 3: 1st, 2nd, 3rd conjugation weak verbs.
- s1, 2, 3...: 1st, 2nd, 3rd... conjugation strong verbs.
Changelog
This is version 0.2 of this list. On the roadmap:
- Divide the list into different grades based on frequency.
- Add quotations to show usage
- Add cognates to help learning.
- Add inflected forms, where they are very different from the dictionary form.
- Add major spelling/dialect variants.
- Correct the inevitable errors.
- Find better ways to display them than a table.
v0.2 (2022-02-26)
- Break out gender from part of speech.
- Add conjugation/declension class.
- Make separate entries for each part of speech a word is used as.
- Add entries for the 3rd person singular and plural present tense inflected forms of common storytelling verbs.
- Add entries for all forms of the demonstrative sē/þæt/sēo.
- Correct a few spelling errors (mostly missing palatal diacritics).
v0.1 (2021-11-19)
- First edition of the list.
The list
| Word | PoS | Gender | Decl/Conj | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ā | adv. | always, forever | ||
| ābūtan | adv. | about, around | ||
| ac | conj. | but, however | ||
| ācennan | v. | w1 | produce, bring forth, give birth to | |
| ācwellan | v. | w1 | kill | |
| ādl | n. | f. | 3 | sickness, disease |
| ǣ | n. | f. | indecl. | law |
| æcer | n. | m. | 1 | cultivated field |
| ǣfæst | adj. | pious | ||
| ǣfen | n. | m. | 1 | evening |
| ǣfre | adv. | ever, forever, always | ||
| æfter | prep. | after | ||
| æfterfylġan | v. | w1 | follow | |
| ǣġhwā | pron. | everyone, everything | ||
| ǣġhwǣr | adv. | everywhere | ||
| ǣġhwæþer | pron. | each (of two) | ||
| ǣht | n. | f. | 3 | possession, property; power |
| ǣl | n. | m. | 1 | eel |
| ǣlċ | adj. | every, each | ||
| ǣlċ | pron. | every one, each one | ||
| ælmihtiġ | adj. | all-powerful | ||
| ǣmettiġ | adj. | empty | ||
| ǣniġ | adj. | any | ||
| ǣniġ | pron. | any one | ||
| ǣr | adv. | before, previously | ||
| ǣr þām (þe) | conj. | before | ||
| ǣrende | n. | n. | 2 | message; errand |
| ǣrest | adj. | first | ||
| ærnan | v. | w1 | run | |
| æsċ | n. | m. | 1 | ash-tree; spear |
| ǣstel | n. | m. | 1 | tablet |
| æt | prep. | at | ||
| ætgædere | adv. | together | ||
| ætīewan | v. | w1 | appear; show | |
| ætsomne | adv. | together | ||
| æþele | adj. | noble | ||
| æþeling | n. | m. | 1 | prince |
| æþelu | n. | f./n. | 5 | nobility; origin, descent |
| āgan | v. | pp | possess, own | |
| āgen | adj. | own | ||
| āhebban | v. | s6 | raise, lift | |
| āhwǣr | adv. | anywhere, everywhere | ||
| āleċġan | v. | w1 | lay, put; set aside | |
| ālīefan | v. | w1 | allow | |
| āmierran | v. | w1 | hinder; distract; destroy | |
| ān | num. | one | ||
| and | conj. | and | ||
| anda | n. | m. | 4 | envy; hatred |
| andġit | n. | n. | 2 | intelligence; meaning; sense |
| andsaca | n. | m. | 4 | enemy |
| andswarian | v. | w2 | answer | |
| andweard | adj. | present | ||
| andwlita | n. | m. | 4 | appearance; face |
| andwyrdan | v. | w1 | answer | |
| ānfeald | adj. | simple; sole, single | ||
| angel | n. | m. | 1 | hook |
| angelcynn | n. | n. | 2 | the English people |
| anġinn | n. | n. | 2 | beginning |
| anlīcnes | n. | f. | 3 | likeness; image |
| ānrǣd | adj. | unanimous; resolute, persevering | ||
| ānweald | n. | m. | 1 | sole power, dominion |
| ānwealda | n. | m. | 4 | ruler, sovereign |
| ār | n. | f. | 3 | honour, glory |
| ār | oar | |||
| ār | n. | 2 | copper; brass | |
| āriht | adv. | properly | ||
| ārīsan | v. | s1 | arise | |
| ārlēas | adj. | disgraceful, dishonourable | ||
| ārlīċe | adv. | honourably | ||
| arod | adj. | quick; prepared | ||
| ārweorþ | adj. | honourable | ||
| āscian | v. | w2 | ask (a question) | |
| āseċġan | v. | w3 | say; tell | |
| āstyrian | v. | w1 | remove; move, disturb | |
| atelīċ | adj. | terrible, dreadful | ||
| ātēon | v. | s2 | draw out, lead out; deal with | |
| āttor | n. | n. | 2 | poison, venom |
| āwiht | n. | n. | 2 | anything |
| āwrītan | v. | s1 | write | |
| āþ | n. | m. | 1 | oath |
| bæc | n. | n. | 2 | back |
| bæcere | n. | m. | 1 | baker |
| bærnan | v. | w1 | burn | |
| bæþ | n. | n. | 2 | bath |
| bān | n. | n. | 2 | bone |
| bār | n. | m. | 1 | boar |
| bāt | n. | m./f. | 1/3 | boat |
| baþian | v. | w2 | bathe | |
| be | prep. | by, near; about; according to | ||
| bēacn | n. | n. | 2 | sign; beacon |
| bēag | n. | m. | 1 | ring, bracelet, armband |
| bealdlīċe | adv. | boldly | ||
| bēam | n. | m. | 1 | tree; beam of wood, gallows, cross |
| bearm | n. | m. | 1 | bosom, lap |
| bearn | n. | n. | 2 | child |
| bearu | n. | m. | 1w | grove |
| bebēodan | v. | s2 | command | |
| becuman | v. | s4 | arrive at, reach; happen, occur | |
| bedǣlan | v. | w1 | deprive | |
| bēġen | adj. | both | ||
| bēġen | pron. | both | ||
| beġeondan | prep. | beyond | ||
| beġietan | v. | s5 | get | |
| beġinnan | v. | s3 | begin | |
| begnornian | v. | w2 | lament | |
| behēafdian | v. | w2 | behead | |
| behrēowsian | v. | w2 | repent, make amends | |
| benċ | n. | f. | 3 | bench |
| bēodan, (ġe-) | v. | s2 | offer; proclaim | |
| bēon | v. | irreg. | be | |
| beorg | n. | m. | 1 | mountain; hill, mound |
| beorgan | v. | s3 | save; guard, protect | |
| beorht | adj. | bright | ||
| bēot | n. | n. | 2 | threat; vow, boast |
| beran, (ġe-) | v. | s4 | carry, bear; wear; sustain; give birth to | |
| berstan | v. | s3 | break, burst | |
| beswīcan | v. | s1 | deceive, trick; cheat | |
| bet | adv. | better | ||
| betwēonum | prep. | between | ||
| betwēox | prep. | between | ||
| bewindan | v. | encircle; wrap in/with | ||
| bīdan, (ġe-) | v. | s1 | wait (for); experience | |
| biddan | v. | s5 | ask for, beg | |
| bifian | v. | w2 | tremble | |
| bigang | n. | m. | 1 | course, way; worship; undertaking, business |
| bindan, (ġe-) | v. | s3 | bind | |
| bisċop | n. | m. | 1 | bishop |
| bisiġ | adj. | busy | ||
| bisiġu | n. | f. | 3 | business, occupation |
| bismer | n. | n. | 2 | mockery, blasphemy |
| bītan | v. | s1 | bite | |
| blāc | adj. | pale | ||
| blæc | adj. | black | ||
| blǣd | n. | m. | 1 | splendour, glory, fame |
| blāwan | v. | s7 | blow | |
| blētsian | v. | w2 | bless, consecrate | |
| bliss | n. | f. | 3 | bliss |
| blōd | n. | n. | 2 | blood |
| bōc | n. | f. | 6 | book |
| bodian | v. | w2 | announce; preach; foretell | |
| bolster | n. | m. | 1 | pillow |
| bord | n. | n. | 2 | board; shelf |
| brād | adj. | 1 | broad | |
| brecan, (ġe-) | v. | s4 | break | |
| breġdan, (ġe-) | v. | s3 | pull, draw; shake | |
| bringan, (ġe-) | v. | wi | bring | |
| brōga | n. | m. | 4 | terror; danger |
| brōþor | n. | m. | irreg | brother |
| brūcan | v. | s2 | use; enjoy; benefit from | |
| brūn | adj. | brown; dark; red | ||
| bryċġ | n. | f. | 3 | bridge |
| būan | v. | w1 | dwell, inhabit | |
| būgan, (ġe-) | v. | s2 | turn aside; bow; bend | |
| burɡ | n. | f. | 6 | city, town; castle |
| būtan | adv. | merely, only, just (NPI) | ||
| būtan | conj. | unless | ||
| būtan | prep. | without; except, besides | ||
| byrġan | v. | w1 | bury | |
| byrne | n. | f. | 4 | coat of mail |
| cāsere | n. | m. | 1 | emperor |
| ċeald | adj. | cold | ||
| ċēapian, (ġe-) | v. | w2 | buy | |
| ċeaster | n. | f. | 3 | city, town |
| cempa | n. | m. | 4 | soldier, warrior |
| ċeorl | n. | m. | 1 | peasant; freeman |
| ċicen | n. | n. | 2 | chicken |
| ċīese | n. | m. | 1 | cheese |
| ċiriċe | n. | f. | 4 | church |
| clipian | v. | w2 | call, call out | |
| clyppan | v. | w1 | hug; cherish | |
| cniht | n. | m. | 1 | boy; servant |
| cræft | n. | m. | 1 | skill; virtue |
| cringan | v. | s3 | fall in battle | |
| cuman | v. | s4 | come | |
| cunnan | v. | pp | know; can | |
| cunnian | v. | w2 | find out | |
| cwellan | v. | w1 | kill | |
| cwēn | n. | f. | 3 | queen; woman |
| cweþan, (ġe-) | v. | s5 | say, speak | |
| cwic | adj. | alive; intelligent | ||
| cyning | n. | m. | 1 | king |
| cynn | n. | n. | 2 | kind; family; nation |
| cȳþan, (ġe-) | v. | w1 | reveal; proclaim, announce | |
| dǣd | n. | f. | 3 | deed |
| dæġ | n. | m. | 1 | day |
| dǣl | n. | f. | 3 | part |
| dǣlan, (ġe-) | v. | w1 | divide; share | |
| dēad | adj. | dead | ||
| dēagol | adj. | secret, hidden | ||
| dēaþ | n. | m. | 1 | death |
| dēma | n. | m. | 4 | judge |
| Dene | n. | mpl. | 1i | Danes |
| dēofol | n. | m./n. | 1/2 | devil |
| dēop | adj. | deep | ||
| dēor | n. | n. | 2 | wild animal |
| deorc | adj. | dark | ||
| dīere | adj. | dear, expensive; precious | ||
| dierne | adj. | secret, hidden | ||
| dohtor | n. | f. | irreg | daughter |
| dōm | n. | m. | 1 | law; judgement |
| dōn, (ġe-) | v. | irreg. | do; make, cause; put; treat (someone) as | |
| draca | n. | m. | 4 | dragon |
| drēam | n. | m. | 1 | music; joy; ecstasy |
| drēogan, (ġe-) | v. | s2 | perform; endure, suffer | |
| drēor | n. | m. | 1 | gore, blood |
| drīfan | v. | s1 | drive | |
| dryhten | n. | m. | 1 | lord |
| dugan | v. | pp | be of use, serve; be fit, be strong | |
| duguþ | n. | f. | 3 | band of warriors; prosperity, benefit |
| durran | v. | pp | dare | |
| duru | n. | f. | 5 | door |
| dysiġ | adj. | foolish | ||
| ēa | n. | f. | irreg | river |
| ēac | adv. | also, too | ||
| ēadiġ | adj. | happy, prosperous | ||
| ēaġe | n. | n. | 4 | eye |
| ēalā | interj. | alas! | ||
| eald | adj. | old | ||
| ealdor | n. | m. | 1 | lord, prince |
| ealdor | n. | 2 | life; age, eternity | |
| ealdormann | n. | n | 6 | ruler, nobleman |
| eall | adj. | all; each | ||
| eall | adv. | entirely | ||
| ealles | adv. | all, entirely | ||
| earfoþ | n. | n. | 2 | hardship, trouble; work |
| earm | adj. | poor, miserable | ||
| ēċe | adj. | eternal | ||
| eċġ | n. | f. | 3 | edge (of a tool or weapon) |
| efne | adv. | indeed; once | ||
| eft | adv. | again; back | ||
| eġe | n. | m. | 1 | fear |
| eġeslīċ | adj. | terrible | ||
| ellen | n. | m./n. | 1/2 | courage |
| ende | n. | m. | 1 | end, edge |
| enġel | n. | m. | 1 | angel |
| englisċ | adj. | English | ||
| ent | n. | m. | 1 | giant |
| eode | v. | vform | went | |
| eorl | n. | m. | 1 | nobleman, warrior |
| eorþe | n. | f. | 4 | earth |
| ēower | adj. | your (pl) | ||
| etan, (ġe-) | v. | s5 | eat | |
| fæder | n. | m. | irreg. | father |
| fǣġe | adj. | doomed | ||
| fæġer | adj. | beautiful, pleasant | ||
| fǣhþu | n. | f. | irreg. | feud |
| fǣmne | n. | f. | 4 | virgin, young woman |
| fæst | adj. | secure, fixed | ||
| fæste | adv. | firmly | ||
| fāh | adj. | decorated, shining | ||
| faran | v. | s6 | go, travel; fare | |
| feallan, (ġe-) | v. | s7 | fall | |
| feax | n. | n. | 2 | hair (of the head) |
| fela | adj. | many, much | ||
| fela | pron. | many, much | ||
| feoh | n. | n. | 2 | riches, money |
| feohtan, (ġe-) | v. | fight; get by fighting (with ġe-) | ||
| fēond | n. | m. | 6 | enemy |
| feor | adj. | far, distant | ||
| feor | adv. | long ago | ||
| feorh | n. | m./n. | 1/2 | life; living being |
| feorran | adv. | from far away | ||
| fēran | v. | w1 | go, travel | |
| fīf | adj. | five | ||
| findan | v. | s3 | find; get | |
| firen | n. | f. | 3 | crime, wickedness |
| flēogan | v. | s2 | fly | |
| flōd | n. | m. | 1 | water; tide |
| folc | n. | n. | 2 | people |
| fōn | v. | s7 | catch, seize | |
| for | prep. | for, because of, in place of | ||
| for þām | adv. | therefore | ||
| for þām (þe) | conj. | because | ||
| forġiefan | v. | s5 | grant; forgive | |
| forġieldan | v. | s3 | pay for, repay | |
| forhtian | v. | w2 | be afraid | |
| forlǣtan | v. | s7 | leave, abandon; allow | |
| forma | adj. | first | ||
| forst | n. | m. | 1 | frost |
| fram | prep. | from; by | ||
| frēa | n. | m. | 4 | lord; husband |
| fremde | adj. | strange; foreign | ||
| fremman, (ġe-) | v. | w1 | perform, carry out, do | |
| frēond | n. | m. | 6 | friend |
| friġnan, (ġe-) | v. | s3 | ask, hear of | |
| friþ | n. | n. | 3 | peace |
| frōfor | n. | f. | 3 | consolation, relief, comfort |
| fruma | n. | m. | 4 | beginning; prince |
| fugol | n. | m. | 1 | bird |
| ful | adv. | very, fully | ||
| fultum | n. | m. | 1 | help, support; army |
| furþum | adv. | even | ||
| fūs | adj. | eager | ||
| fȳr | n. | n. | 2 | fire |
| gafol | n. | n. | 2 | tribute |
| galan | v. | sing; cry, call | ||
| gān | v. | go | ||
| gangan, (ġe-) | v. | s7 | go, walk | |
| gāst | n. | m. | 1 | spirit; ghost; breath |
| ġe | conj. | and, both | ||
| ġē | pron. | you (pl.) | ||
| ġēar | n. | n. | 2 | year |
| ġeard | n. | m. | 1 | enclosure; yard, garden; court |
| ġearu | adj. | ready | ||
| ġebed | n. | n. | 2 | prayer |
| ġebēorsċipe | n. | m. | 1 | drinking party, feast |
| ġebētan | v. | w1 | repair; cure | |
| ġebiddan | v. | s5 | pray; worship; request | |
| ġecnāwan | v. | s7 | perceive, understand; be familiar with | |
| ġedwild | n. | n. | 2 | error; heresy |
| ġefēra | n. | m. | 4 | comrade |
| ġehwā | pron. | everyone; everything | ||
| ġehwelċ | pron. | each, every | ||
| ġelēafa | n. | m. | 4 | faith |
| ġelōme | adv. | often | ||
| ġemǣne | adj. | common, universal | ||
| ġemynd | n. | f. | 3 | memory |
| ġenōg | adj. | enough | ||
| ġeoguþ | n. | f. | 3 | youth; young person |
| ġeond | prep. | through; throughout | ||
| ġeong | adj. | young | ||
| ġeorn | adj. | eager | ||
| ġeorne | adv. | eagerly; thoroughly | ||
| ġereord | n. | n. | 2 | language; speech, voice |
| ġesib | adj. | related, familiar | ||
| ġesihþ | n. | f. | 3 | sight |
| ġesund | adj. | healthy | ||
| ġeweald | n. | n. | 2 | control |
| ġewinn | n. | n. | 2 | war; battle |
| ġewinnan | v. | s3 | conquer, win | |
| ġewītan | v. | s1 | leave, depart | |
| ġeþēode | n. | n. | 2 | language |
| ġiedd | n. | n. | 2 | story, song, poem |
| ġiefan | v. | s5 | give | |
| ġiefu | n. | f. | 3 | gift |
| ġieldan | v. | s3 | pay; repay | |
| ġielp | n. | m. | 1 | boast |
| ġierwan, (ġe-) | v. | w1 | adorn; prepare | |
| ġīese | adv. | yes | ||
| ġīet | adv. | still; (with negatives) yet; (with comparatives) even | ||
| ġif | conj. | if | ||
| gnornian | v. | w2 | mourn; regret; complain | |
| god | n. | m./n. | 1/2 | god; God |
| gōd | adj. | good | ||
| gōd | n. | n. | 2 | good |
| gold | n. | n. | 2 | gold |
| grǣdiġ | adj. | hungry; greedy | ||
| grētan, (ġe-) | v. | w1 | greet; approach | |
| griþ | n. | n. | 2 | truce, peace |
| habban | v. | w3 | have | |
| hǣlan | v. | w1 | heal; save | |
| hǣlend | n. | m. | 1 | healer, saviour |
| hæleþ | n. | m. | 1 | man, hero, warrior |
| hǣþen | adj. | pagan, heathen | ||
| hāl | adj. | healthy, intact; whole | ||
| hāliġ | adj. | holy | ||
| hām | n. | m. | 1 | home; village |
| hand | n. | f. | 5 | hand |
| hār | adj. | grey; grey-haired | ||
| hāt | adj. | hot | ||
| hātan, (ġe-) | v. | s7 | call, name; be named; order, command | |
| hē | pron. | he, it (for masculine nouns) | ||
| hēafod | n. | n. | 2 | head |
| hēah | adj. | high, tall | ||
| healdan, (ġe-) | v. | s7 | hold, keep; protect | |
| healf | n. | f. | 3 | half |
| heard | adj. | hard, stern | ||
| hearg | n. | m. | 1 | altar; sacred place; idol |
| helm | n. | m. | 1 | helmet; protection |
| hēo | pron. | she | ||
| heofon | n. | m. | 1 | heaven, sky |
| heorot | n. | m. | 1 | deer, stag |
| heorte | n. | f. | 4 | heart |
| hēr | adv. | here | ||
| here | n. | m. | irreg. | army (esp. of enemies) |
| hergian | v. | s2 | pillage, plunder | |
| hīe | pron. | they | ||
| hierde | n. | m. | 1 | herdsman; guardian |
| hit | pron. | it | ||
| hlǣw | n. | n. | 2 | mountain, hill; cave |
| hlāf | n. | m. | 1 | bread; loaf |
| hlāford | n. | m. | 1 | lord |
| hlēow | n. | n. | 2 | shelter |
| hlīsa | n. | m. | 4 | fame |
| holt | n. | n. | 2 | wood, woodland |
| hord | n. | n. | 2 | hoard |
| hraþe | adv. | quickly, soon | ||
| hreþer | n. | m./n. | 1/2 | breast, heart |
| hū | conj. | how; adv | ||
| hund | n. | m. | 1 | dog |
| hūru | adv. | certainly, indeed | ||
| hūs | n. | n. | 2 | house |
| hwā | pron. | who; anyone, someone | ||
| hwǣr | adv. | where; anywhere | ||
| hwæt | interj. | lo! | ||
| hwæt | pron. | what | ||
| hwæþer | conj. | whether | ||
| hwæþre | adv. | yet, however | ||
| hwelċ | adj. | some; someone, anyone; something, anything | ||
| hwelċ | pron. | which, what kind of | ||
| hweorfan, (ġe-) | v. | s3 | turn; change | |
| hwīl | n. | f. | 3 | while, period of time |
| hwīlum | adv. | sometimes; formerly | ||
| hyċġan | v. | w3 | think; consider | |
| hyht | n. | m. | 1 | hope |
| hȳran, (ġe-) | v. | w1 | hear, listen to | |
| iċ | prep. | I | ||
| ielde | n. | mpl. | 1i | men |
| iermþu | n. | f. | 3 | poverty, misery |
| ierre | n. | n. | 2 | anger |
| ilca | adj. | the same | ||
| ilca | pron. | the same | ||
| in | adv. | inland | ||
| in | prep. | in; into | ||
| innan | adv. | within | ||
| inne | adv. | inside, within | ||
| is | v. | vform | is | |
| īsern | n. | n. | 1 | iron |
| lā | interj. | oh! | ||
| lāc | n. | n./f. | 3/2 | gift; play; battle |
| lǣdan, (ġe-) | v. | w1 | lead, bring | |
| lǣne | adj. | transitory, temporary | ||
| lǣran, (ġe-) | v. | w1 | teach | |
| lǣstan, (ġe-) | v. | w1 | follow; perform, carry out | |
| lǣtan | v. | s7 | allow; cause | |
| lāf | n. | f. | irreg.? | remains; legacy; widow |
| lagu | n. | f. | 5 | law |
| land | n. | n. | 2 | land |
| lang | adj. | long, long-lasting | ||
| lange | adv. | for a long time | ||
| lār | n. | f. | 3 | teaching |
| lāþ | adj. | loathsome, hateful, unpleasant | ||
| lēas | adj. | devoid of, free from | ||
| leax | n. | m. | 1 | salmon |
| lēode | n. | mpl. | 1i | people |
| lēof | adj. | dear, beloved | ||
| lēoht | n. | n. | 2 | light |
| leornian, (ġe-) | v. | w2 | learn | |
| lēoþ | n. | n. | 2 | poem; song |
| libban | v. | w3 | live; remain | |
| līċ | n. | n. | 1 | dead body, corpse |
| liċġan | v. | s5 | lie; lie down | |
| līchama | n. | m. | 4 | body |
| līf | n. | n. | 2 | life |
| limpan, (ġe-) | v. | s3 | happen, befall | |
| lof | n. | n. | 2 | praise |
| lōfġeorn | adj. | eager for praise | ||
| lufian | v. | w2 | love | |
| lufu | n. | f. | 3 | love |
| lyft | n. | f. | 3 | air; sky |
| lȳtel | adj. | little | ||
| mā | n. | n. | indecl. | more |
| mǣġ | n. | m. | 1 | kinsman |
| mæġden | n. | n. | 2 | maiden |
| mæġen | n. | n. | 2 | strength, power; army |
| mæġþ | n. | f. | 3 | family, nation; generation |
| mæġþ | 6 | girl, maiden | ||
| mǣre | adj. | famous | ||
| mǣrþ | n. | f. | 3 | fame, glory |
| magan | v. | pp | can, be able | |
| man | pron. | one | ||
| mān | n. | n. | 2 | crime |
| mancynn | n. | m. | 1 | mankind |
| maniġ | adj. | many | ||
| mann | n. | m. | 6 | person; humanity (in general) |
| maþm | n. | m. | 1 | precious object, treasure |
| mearc | n. | f. | 3 | boundary, limit; mark, sign |
| mearh | n. | m. | 1 | horse |
| medu | n. | m. | 5 | mead |
| meniġu | n. | f. | 3 | multitude |
| mere | n. | m. | 1 | lake, pool |
| miċel | adj. | big, great; much | ||
| miċele | adv. | much | ||
| mid | prep. | with; among | ||
| middanġeard | n. | m. | 1 | the world |
| miht | n. | f. | 3 | might, strength, power |
| mīl | n. | f. | 3 | mile |
| mīn | adj. | my | ||
| mōd | n. | n. | 2 | mind; courage; state of mind |
| mōdiġ | adj. | proud; reckless | ||
| mōdor | n. | f. | irreg. | mother |
| mōna | n. | m. | 4 | moon |
| mōr | n. | m. | 1 | moor |
| morgen | n. | n | 2 | morning; tomorrow |
| morþor | n. | n. | 2 | murder; crime |
| mōtan | v. | pp | may, be allowed to | |
| mund | n. | f. | 3 | hand; protection |
| mynster | n. | n. | 2 | monastery, cathedral |
| nā | adv. | not at all; never | ||
| nǣdre | n. | f. | 4 | snake |
| nǣfre | adv. | never | ||
| nǣniġ | pron. | none; no one | ||
| næss | n. | m. | headland, promontory | |
| nama | n. | m. | 4 | name |
| nān | adj. | no | ||
| ne | adv. | not | ||
| ne | conj. | neither, nor | ||
| nēah | adj. | near | ||
| nēah | adv. | nearby | ||
| nealles | adv. | not at all | ||
| neorxnawang | n. | m. | 1 | paradise, heaven |
| niht | n. | f. | 6 | night |
| niman, (ġe-) | v. | s4 | take | |
| nīþ | n. | m. | 1 | envy; hatred |
| nū | adv. | now | ||
| nytt | n. | f. | 3 | use, benefit |
| of | prep. | from; out of; by (i.e. done by) | ||
| ofer | prep. | across, over | ||
| offrian | v. | w2 | offer | |
| ofslēan | v. | s6 | kill, slay | |
| oft | adv. | often | ||
| on | prep. | on, in, at, among; to, into | ||
| onfōn | v. | s7 | receive, accept; perceive | |
| onġēan | adv. | back, again | ||
| onġēan | prep. | against, opposite | ||
| onġietan | v. | s5 | see, perceive, understand; seize | |
| onġinnan | v. | s3 | begin; attempt | |
| ord | n. | m. | 1 | point (of weapon); front, vanguard |
| oþ | prep. | until, up to | ||
| oþ þæt | conj. | until | ||
| ōþer | adj. | other | ||
| ōþer | pron. | other one; the rest | ||
| oþþe | conj. | or | ||
| pæþ | n. | m. | 1 | path |
| penning | n. | m. | 1 | penny |
| prēost | n. | m. | 1 | priest |
| rǣd | n. | m. | 1 | advice; decision; plan |
| rǣdan | v. | s7/w1 | read; advise | |
| rēċan | v. | w1 | care | |
| rīċe | adj. | rich; powerful | ||
| rīċe | n. | n. | 2 | kingdom |
| rīdan | v. | s1 | ride | |
| riht, (ġe-) | n. | n. | 2 | law; what is right; privilege |
| rōd | n. | f. | 3 | cross |
| rodor | n. | m. | 1 | sky, heaven |
| rūn | n. | f. | 3 | mystery, secret |
| sacu | n. | f. | 3 | dispute, strife; crime |
| sǣ | n. | f. | 3 | sea |
| samod | adv. | together; at the same time | ||
| sār | adj. | sore | ||
| sāriġ | adj. | sorry | ||
| sāwol | n. | f. | 3 | soul |
| sċeadu | n. | f. | 3 | shadow; shade |
| sċealc | n. | m. | 1 | servant; man, soldier |
| sċēat | n. | m. | 1 | corner, angle; area, region |
| sċeatt | n. | m. | 1 | treasure, money; coin |
| sċēawian | v. | w2 | watch, look at; examine | |
| sċeþþan | v. | s6 | injure, harm | |
| sċieppan | v. | s6 | create; shape | |
| sċīnan | v. | s1 | shine | |
| sċip | n. | n. | 2 | ship |
| sċulan | v. | pp | should, must, have to; will, shall | |
| sē | det. | nm. | that, the; which, who | |
| sēċan, (ġe-) | v. | w1 | look for, seek | |
| seċġan, (ġe-) | v. | say, tell | ||
| self | pron. | oneself | ||
| sellan, (ġe-) | v. | w1 | give, sell; betray | |
| sendan, (ġe-) | v. | w1 | send | |
| seofon | adj. | seven | ||
| sēon, (ġe-) | v. | s5 | see | |
| sibb | n. | f. | 3 | kinship; peace |
| siġe | n. | m. | 1 | victory |
| simle | adv. | always, constantly | ||
| sind(on) | v. | vform | are | |
| singal | adj. | constant, perpetual | ||
| singan | v. | s3 | sing | |
| sittan, (ġe-) | v. | sit | ||
| sīþ | n. | m. | 1 | time (instance); journey |
| siþþan | adv. | afterwards; since; ago | ||
| conj. | after, since | |||
| slēan, (ġe-) | v. | s6 | hit, beat; slay; get by fighting (with ġe-) | |
| smēaġan | v. | w2 | consider; examine | |
| sōna | adv. | immediately | ||
| sorg | n. | f. | 3 | worry; sorrow |
| sōþ | n. | n. | 2 | truth |
| sōþlīċe | adv. | truly; indeed; amen | ||
| spēd | n. | f. | success | |
| spell | n. | n. | story; news | |
| sprecan, (ġe-) | v. | s5 | speak, talk | |
| stān | n. | m. | 1 | stone |
| standan, (ġe-) | v. | s6 | stand | |
| stefn | n. | f. | 3 | voice |
| stōw | n. | f. | 3 | place |
| strǣl | n. | m./f. | 1/3 | arrow |
| sum | adj. | some; a certain | ||
| sum | pron. | some | ||
| sunne | n. | f. | 4 | sun |
| sunu | n. | m. | 5 | son |
| swā | adv. | thus, in that way; so, very | ||
| swā | conj. | as; while, when; so, with the result that; on condition that | ||
| swā hwæt (etc.) swā | adv. | whatever, (whoever, whenever, etc.) | ||
| swā swā | conj. | as, just as | ||
| swā þēah | adv. | nevertheless | ||
| swā... swā... | adv. | the ...-er, the ...-er; as... as... | ||
| sweart | adj. | black | ||
| swefn | n. | n. | 2 | dream |
| swelċ | adj. | such a, that kind of | ||
| swelċe | adv. | likewise; approximately | ||
| swelċe | conj. | as if | ||
| sweltan | v. | s3 | die | |
| sweord | n. | n. | 2 | sword |
| sweostor | n. | f. | irreg. | sister |
| sweotol | adj. | clear, distinct | ||
| swincan | v. | s3 | toil, struggle | |
| swīþe | adv. | very | ||
| symbel | n. | n. | 2 | feast |
| synn | n. | f. | 3 | sin |
| tellan, (ġe-) | v. | w1 | count; tell | |
| tēon | v. | s2 | draw, drag, pull; bring, lead | |
| tīd | n. | f. | 3 | time |
| til | adj. | good | ||
| tīr | n. | m. | 1 | fame, glory, honour |
| tō | adv. | too | ||
| tō | prep. | to, for, from, in, as | ||
| trēow | n. | f. | 3 | loyalty; grace; promise, covenant |
| trēow | n. | 2 | tree | |
| tūn | n. | m. | 1 | enclosure; homestead; town |
| tungol | n. | n. | 2 | star; planet |
| twēġen | adj. | two | ||
| twēo | n. | m. | 4 | doubt; ambiguity |
| ūhta | n. | m./f. | 4 | period just before dawn |
| uncūþ | adj. | unknown; unfamiliar, strange | ||
| under | prep. | under | ||
| unnan, (ġe-) | v. | pp | grant, bestow; wish | |
| ūp | adv. | up | ||
| ūre | adj. | our | ||
| ūt | adv. | out | ||
| uton | misc. | let's | ||
| wæl | n. | n. | 2 | slaughter, carnage |
| wæstm | n. | m. | 1 | fruit; result |
| wæter | n. | n. | 2 | water |
| wē | pron. | we | ||
| wealdan, (ġe-) | v. | s7 | control; wield; rule | |
| wealdend | n. | m. | 1 | ruler, lord |
| weall | n. | m. | 1 | wall |
| weallan | v. | s7 | well up, boil over | |
| weard | n. | m. | 1 | guard |
| weaxan, (ġe-) | v. | s7 | grow | |
| weġ | n. | m. | 1 | way, road |
| wel | adv. | well | ||
| wēn | n. | f. | 3 | expectation, likelihood |
| wēnan | v. | expect, believe | ||
| wendan, (ġe-) | v. | w1 | change; turn; go | |
| weorc | n. | n. | 2 | work |
| weorold | n. | f. | 3 | world |
| weorþan, (ġe-) | v. | s3 | be; become; happen | |
| weorþian, (ġe-) | v. | w2 | honour, worship | |
| wer | n. | m. | 1 | man, husband |
| werod | n. | n. | 2 | troop, company |
| wesan | v. | irreg. | be | |
| wīċ | n. | n. | 2 | village |
| wīde | adv. | widely | ||
| wīf | n. | n. | 2 | woman; wife |
| wīġend | n. | m. | 1 | warrior |
| wiht | n. | f./n. | 2/3 | thing; creature |
| willa | n. | m. | 4 | will, purpose, desire; pleasure |
| willan | v. | irreg. | want | |
| wilnian | v. | w2 | desire; seek out | |
| wind | n. | m. | 1 | wind |
| winnan | v. | s3 | struggle, contend | |
| winter | n. | m. | 1 | winter |
| wīs | adj. | wise | ||
| wīsdōm | n. | m. | 1 | wisdom |
| wita | n. | m. | 4 | wise person; advisor |
| witan, (ġe-) | v. | pp | know, be aware of | |
| wīte | n. | n. | 2 | punishment; penalty, fine |
| wiþ | prep. | with | ||
| wlanc | adj. | proud | ||
| wolcen | n. | n. | 2 | cloud; (in plural) heavens |
| word | n. | n. | 2 | word |
| wrāþ | adj. | angry; hostile | ||
| wrecan, (ġe-) | v. | s5 | take revenge, avenge | |
| wreċċa | n. | m. | 4 | exile, outcast |
| wrītan | v. | s1 | write | |
| wudu | n. | m. | 5 | wood; forest; tree |
| wuldor | n. | n. | 2 | glory |
| wund | n. | f. | 3 | wound |
| wundor | n. | n. | 2 | wonder, marvel, miracle |
| wunian, (ġe-) | v. | w2 | live, dwell, stay | |
| wynn | n. | f. | 3 | joy |
| wyrċan, (ġe-) | v. | w1 | make, work, do | |
| wyrd | n. | f. | 3 | fate; event |
| wyrm | n. | m. | 1 | worm; snake, dragon |
| wyrt | n. | f. | 3 | plant, herb |
| yfel | adj. | bad; evil | ||
| ymb | prep. | around; about | ||
| yrre | n. | n. | 2 | anger |
| ȳþ | n. | f. | 3 | wave (of water) |
| þā | adv. | then | ||
| þā | conj. | when | ||
| þā þā | conj. | when | ||
| þǣr | adv. | there | ||
| þǣr | conj. | where | ||
| þæs þe | conj. | after; because | ||
| þæt | conj. | that; so that | ||
| þæt | det. | nn./an. | that; the | |
| þætte | conj. | that; so that | ||
| þanc, (ġe-) | n. | m./n. | 1/2 | thought; thanks |
| þe | rel. | that, who, which | ||
| þēah | adv. | though, nevertheless | ||
| þēah | conj. | although | ||
| þēah þe | conj. | although, even if | ||
| þearf | n. | f. | 3 | need |
| þēaw | n. | m. | 1 | habit, custom |
| þeġn | n. | m. | 1 | servant; warrior |
| þenċan, (ġe-) | v. | w1 | think of, imagine | |
| þenden | conj. | while | ||
| þēod | n. | f. | 3 | nation |
| þēow | n. | m. | 1 | slave, servant |
| þes | pron. | this | ||
| þider | adv. | thither, to there | ||
| þīn | adj. | your (sg) | ||
| þing | n. | n. | 2 | thing; reason |
| þolian, (ġe-) | v. | w2 | suffer, endure | |
| þonne | adv. | then | ||
| þonne | conj. | when | ||
| þrīe | adj. | three | ||
| þrōwian | v. | w2 | suffer, endure | |
| þrymm | n. | m. | 1 | glory; force |
| þū | pron. | you (sg.) | ||
| þurfan | v. | pp | need; be obliged | |
| þurh | prep. | through; by means of | ||
| þus | adv. | thus | ||
| þūsend | n. | f./n./indecl. | 3/2/0 | thousand |
| þȳ | adv. | therefore | ||
| þynċan | v. | w1 | seem (to someone) |